What buyers mean by STP and ETP, how each is sized, why an ETP produces more and often hazardous sludge, and how to choose between a screw press and a filter press for each.
Barrel neck, latex edge or drape-over? How filter press cloths are fixed to the plate, which plates each fits, and what to measure before ordering a replacement.
How a zero liquid discharge plant works stage by stage: pre-treatment, reverse osmosis to 50-75% recovery, brine concentrator and crystallizer, then filter press dewatering of softening sludge and salt cake.
How electroplating, mining and battery wastewater is treated: hexavalent chromium reduction, cyanide destruction, hydroxide and sulfide precipitation, and why the metal hydroxide sludge is the cost driver.
SBR for variable loads and greenfield sites, MBBR for upgrading an existing tank, MBR for reuse and tight discharge limits. A side-by-side comparison with EPA figures, plus what each process means for sludge dewatering.
Municipal plants produce roughly 70-90 g dry solids per person per day. Industrial plants vary far more, because chemical sludge from coagulation often exceeds biological sludge. How to estimate dry solids and convert to cake volume.